The GVA agreement, also known as the Geneva Agreement, is a treaty that was signed on April 14, 1988, between Afghanistan, Pakistan, and the United States. The agreement aimed to end the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan and bring peace and stability to the region.

Under the GVA agreement, the Soviet Union agreed to withdraw their troops from Afghanistan by February 15, 1989. The United States and other countries agreed to stop providing military and economic assistance to the Afghan resistance, commonly known as the Mujahideen. Pakistan, in turn, agreed to close its borders with Afghanistan to prevent the flow of arms and ammunition to the resistance fighters.

The GVA agreement was seen as a significant milestone in the Afghan conflict, which had been ongoing since 1979. It paved the way for a negotiated settlement to the conflict, which had previously been fought on the battlefield. The agreement also provided for the establishment of a new government in Afghanistan, which would be selected through a free and fair election.

However, the GVA agreement was not without its challenges. The Soviet Union did not fully withdraw its troops from Afghanistan until 1989, and the civil war in Afghanistan continued even after the withdrawal. The Mujahideen, who had been armed and trained by the United States and Pakistan, turned on each other and fought for control of the country.

Moreover, the GVA agreement did not address the root causes of the conflict in Afghanistan. The country was left with weak institutions and a fragmented society, which made it vulnerable to external interference. The Taliban, an Islamist group that emerged in the 1990s, eventually seized power and imposed a harsh regime on the country.

In conclusion, the GVA agreement was a significant attempt to end the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan and bring peace to the region. Although it did not fully succeed in achieving its objectives, it did pave the way for a peaceful settlement of the conflict. However, the challenges that Afghanistan faced after the agreement showed that peace cannot be achieved through military means alone. It requires a comprehensive and sustained effort to address the underlying causes of conflict and build strong institutions that can provide security and prosperity to all people.